DNA and Parentage Verification

Note: Updated August 14, 2025

DNA testing and parentage verification are essential tools for upholding the AQHA mission statement of preserving the pedigree of the American Quarter Horse. They ensure the accuracy of pedigree records, support responsible breeding practices, and protect the integrity of the breed. Here’s an overview of how the process works and the benefits it provides:
 
What is DNA Testing?
DNA testing involves analyzing a horse’s genetic material (typically collected through hair) to create a unique genetic profile called a DNA genotype. This profile consists of specific markers that can be used to verify parentage, identify individuals, and track hereditary traits.
 
What is Parentage Verification?
Parentage verification compares the DNA profile of a horse with that of its supposed sire and dam. Since offspring inherit half of their DNA from each parent, the DNA profiles must align according to known inheritance patterns. If the profiles do not match, parentage can be ruled out, often referred to as excluded.
 
Benefits of DNA Testing and Parentage Verification for a Breed Registry

• Ensures pedigree accuracy and breed integrity 
• Prevents accidental or intentional misidentification of sires or dams
• Increases buyer confidence in the registry and in registered horses
• Can clarify parentage for dispute resolution, offering objective evidence when the identity or parentage of a horse is at question
• Facilitates genetic research and breed improvement, providing data for studying inherited traits and diseases.

AQHA Rules
1.      All breeding stallions and mares must be DNA tested before offspring can be registered
2.      Parentage verification is required before registration if the foal is:

• Produced by embryo transfer
• Produced by shipped/transported semen
• Produced by frozen semen
• Produced by a mare bred to more than one stallion within a 30 day period 
• Produced by a stallion and/or mare which is a descendant of the stallion, Impressive, 767246.
• Produced by a stallion and/or mare which was less than two at time of breeding.
• More than 48 months of age at time of application

3.      Parentage verification is required for the following horses before participation in AQHA events:
§  Racehorses, before they can be officially identified to run at the track
§  Weanlings, before they can compete at an AQHA World Championship Show
 
Conclusion
DNA testing and parentage verification strengthens the integrity, transparency, and credibility of a breed registry. It builds trust among members, enhances the health and quality of the breed, and positions AQHA as a leader in promoting responsible, science-based animal husbandry.